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Économie

Le côté sombre de l’industrie de la mode

Les travailleurs de compagnies multinationales se retrouvent souvent dans des conditions précaires. (Photo: Unsplash photos)

Le Carrefour d’action bas-laurentien pour l’engagement social (CIBLES) et son comité d’action de l’Université du Québec à Rimouski organisent une soirée de projection et de discussion sur les impacts négatifs de la mode, qui s’annonce fort intéressante, ce mercredi 16 mars.

« Les Québécois.e.s consomment trois fois plus vêtements que la moyenne mondiale selon le dernier rapport de Recyc-Québec sur la question. La production mondiale de vêtements a doublé au cours des 15 dernières années et l’industrie textile est devenue un producteur majeur de gaz à effet de serre et de pollution des eaux dans le monde. Ainsi, en 2015, les émissions du secteur correspondaient à 1,2 milliard de tonnes équivalent CO2, soit plus que tout l’impact planétaire du transport aérien et maritime combiné selon Recyc-Québec », signale un communiqué du CIBLES.

Le comité d’action CIBLES-UQAR souhaite informer et mobiliser la population autour de cet enjeu. Parmi ses actions, la projection du documentaire « Le vrai prix de la mode » (V.O. « The True Cost ») permettra d’initier une réflexion sur les thèmes de l’industrie textile et de la mode « jetable » et éphémère, un secteur très polluant et qui soulève plusieurs problèmes en lien avec le respect des droits humains et de l’environnement.

Film poignant

«C’est un sujet dont on entend très peu parler mais qui concerne tout le monde. Ce film est poignant. Il nous fait vraiment voir l’envers du décor et réaliser les ravages de ce système de production et de consommation », explique Louise Chetaille, membre du comité CIBLES-UQAR.

L’événement se tiendra à l’amphithéâtre Ernest-Simard de l’Université du Québec à Rimouski, le 16 mars à 19 h 30. Le visionnement sera suivi d’une période de discussion et de réflexion avec le public afin d’échanger et de réfléchir aux solutions possibles, d’un point de vue individuel et collectif. L’évènement est présenté sur Facebook.

Une nouvelle campagne pour le CIBLES

Le Carrefour international bas-laurentien pour l’engagement social (CIBLES) souhaite encourager la mise en place d’un groupe de travail à ce sujet. « Son but serait d’initier des actions permettant de diminuer l’empreinte écologique et les impacts sociaux négatifs de l’industrie de la mode et textile en travaillant de concert avec plusieurs acteurs locaux, dont les friperies, le milieu de la couture, les organismes communautaires, le milieu scolaire ainsi que les entreprises et citoyens et citoyennes qui souhaitent faire une différence dans leur milieu et en faveur d’une économie locale et sociale en matière d’habillement. »

Le CIBLES est partie prenante du volet sensibilisation d’un nouveau projet pilote nommé Couturière volantes en partenariat avec le Regroupement des femmes de la région de Matane et Synergie Matanie qui travaille les questions d’économie circulaire.

Levée de rideau sur le secteur

Au niveau mondial

• Il s’agit d’une industrie pleinement mondialisée employant globalement 300 millions de travailleuses et travailleurs ;

• La production mondiale a doublé au cours des quinze dernières années. En suivant les trajectoires actuelles, les consommations s’élèveraient à plus de 100 millions de tonnes annuelles en 2030 ;

• Les émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre sont évaluées annuellement à 1,7 milliard de tonnes de CO2 et GES assimilés en équivalent CO2 ;

• Ainsi, en 2015, les émissions du secteur correspondaient à 1,2 milliard de tonnes équivalent CO2, plus que tout l’impact planétaire du transport aérien et maritime combinés selon Recyc-Québec ;

• Les fibres de synthèse représentent au moins 58 % du marché mondial des textiles. Ces fibres synthétiques sont issues de produits pétroliers dérivés ;

• Une enquête de l’IUCN révèle que les textiles et vêtements représentent 35 % des fibres de micro-plastiques rejetées dans les océans, ce qui en fait la première source de pollution de ce type ;

• Certaines des manufactures ou industries présentent des conditions déplorables. À Hazaribagh, un bidonville géant peuplé de 500 000 habitants au Bangladesh, des tanneries précaires transforment 14 millions de peaux de bêtes chaque année, pour le seul marché européen. Rappelons qu’ailleurs au Bangladesh, l’effondrement d’une usine avait fait plus de 1000 morts en 2013, impliquant des marques comme LVMH et H&M.

Au Québec

• Avec l’élargissement du pouvoir d’achat d’une classe moyenne grandissante, combiné au phénomène de la mode éphémère, chaque habitant.e consommerait à l’année au moins trois fois la moyenne mondiale de consommation, soit plus de 15 kg / an ;

• L’industrie québécoise du textile représente plus de 12 000 emplois répartis dans plus de 600 entreprises ;

• En 2015, la moitié de la valeur des importations textiles provenait de la Chine ;

• Selon Recyc-Québec des quantités importantes de textiles sont encore éliminées par les ménages québécois. En effet, entre 2015 et 2017, les citoyens se sont départis annuellement de 74 000 tonnes de textiles (vêtements et chaussures) en bordure de rue.

Rassemblement pour la paix

Le CIBLES organise par ailleurs un grand rassemblement pour la paix prévu pour ce samedi 19 mars, 13 h 30, au parc de la Gare de Rimouski. L’événement a été reporté d’une semaine en raison de la tempête de la dernière fin de semaine.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              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